The Legion Re-Envisioned Analysis of the Roman Military: 4th Century AD
The fascination European thought has had with the Roman Empire is the result of several salient characteristics particular to that empire. Rome was the only political entity to successfully found an empire that united all the elements of the Mediterranean world.
The so-called Galatae, Celts, and Gauls in the Early Hellenistic Balkans and the Attack on Delphi in 280–279 BC
The thesis indicates that the establishment of Galatia as a geopolitical entity was probably unrelated to these incursive activities as traditionally indicated by the primary sources.
Some Notes about an Early African Pool of Cultures from which Emerged the Egyptian Civilisation
Until the 1980s, there was alack of archaeological excavation in Egypt’s WesternDesert. Today, the historical genetics of the Nile Valley,which is at one and the same time the ‘crossroad and refugium’, and the ‘Saharan affinities’ of the Predynastic Egyptians, have begun to be clearly identified
Explaining the maritime freight charges in Diocletian’s Price Edict
Geospatial modeling enables us to relate the maritime freight charges imposed by the tetrarchic price controls of 301 CE to simulated sailing time. This exercise demonstrates that price variation is to a large extent a function of variation in sailing time and suggests that the published rates are more realistic than previously assumed.
Explaining the maritime freight charges in Diocletian’s Price Edict
Geospatial modeling enables us to relate the maritime freight charges imposed by the tetrarchic price controls of 301 CE to simulated sailing time. This exercise demonstrates that price variation is to a large extent a function of variation in sailing time and suggests that the published rates are more realistic than previously assumed.
The shape of the Roman world
‘ORBIS: The Stanford Geospatial Network Model of the Roman World’ simulates the time and price costs of travel by land, river and sea across the mature imperial transportation network, notionally approximating conditions around 200 CE. In the version used for this paper, the model links some 750 sites (mostly cities but also some landmarks such as passes and promontories) by means of c.85,000 kilometers of Roman roads selected to represent the principal arterial connections throughout the empire.
The Circumnavigation of Africa
It is commonly believed that the first circumnavigation of Africa was made by the Portuguese under Vasco da Gama in A.D. 1497-99. However a closer look at the records will reveal that they in fact were not the first people to do so.
Forests and Warfare in World History
For better and for worse, both woods and warfare are fundamental factors in human life, and have been for a very long time.
The Old and the Restless: The Egyptians and the Scythians in Herodotus' Histories
On a historiographical level, if we look at all the ethnographic material in the Histories, it appears that Herodotus wishes the reader to view the world and its peoples in a sort of grid. Scythia and Egyptians are the extremes (in several ways) and other central cultures like the Greeks and Persians fall into place between them.
Maps in the Service of the State: Roman Cartography to the End of the Augustan Era
It is not only by chance, therefore, that it is in three particular applications of mapping-road organization, land survey for centuriation, and town planning-that Roman maps, or descendants of them, have survived.