The Long Defeat: The Fall of the Roman Empire in East and West
The Roman Empire remains one of the world’s longest lived polities. Its collapse has therefore endured as a great historical puzzle. Was it barbarians or internal decay? Or was Christianity to blame?
The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western Europe
The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western Europe Peter Heather English Historical Review: Vol.110 No.435 (1995) Abstract Based on the…
Lead Poisoning in Ancient Rome
Lead was known to the ancients from at least the 4th millennium BC, but its use increased markedly during Roman times, to the extent that it became a health hazard. Mines and foundry furnaces caused air pollution; lead was extensively used in plumbing; domestic utensils were made of lead and pewter, and lead salts were used in cosmetics, medicines and paints.